Shamayel Tajmirali; Mahbubeh Setorki; Zahra Hoooshmandi
Abstract
The application of herbal plants instead of synthetic drugs is increasing in recent years because of their lower side-effects and high varieties of efficient components. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic effect of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge essential oil by formalin test in mice ...
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The application of herbal plants instead of synthetic drugs is increasing in recent years because of their lower side-effects and high varieties of efficient components. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic effect of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge essential oil by formalin test in mice model in this study, S. bachtiarica Bunge essential oil was prepared using clevenger apparatus by distilled water method. Mature male rats (25-35 gr) were selected. Acute and chronic pain induction was performed by injection of 20μl of 4% formalin solution to evaluate the analgesic effects of S. bachtiarica essential oil. The study groups consisted of the control group receiving normal saline, the groups receiving 25, 50 and 100 mg/ kg of S. bachtiarica essential oil, and the positive control group received morphine 10 mg/ kg. Single dose injections were performed 30 minutes before the start of the test. Acute pain (5 minutes after injection) and chronic pain (20 minutes after inoculation) were measured by stopwatch and the results were analyzed by SPSS16 software.S. bachtiarica Bunge essential oil at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly moderated formalin-induced pain as it could reduce foot licking caused by formalin injection in both acute and chronic phases. The present data indicate that essential oil of S. bachtiarica Bunge has analgesic effect on mice, and this plant could be considered in future health care.
Elham Madani; azam moshfegh; Mahbubeh Setorki; Akram Tehranifard
Abstract
Glyphosate based pesticides are safe for humans, but their widespread use in agricultural areas and water contamination raised serious concerns about its toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of roundup on body weight, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and histological ...
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Glyphosate based pesticides are safe for humans, but their widespread use in agricultural areas and water contamination raised serious concerns about its toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of roundup on body weight, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and histological alterations of gill and testis in common carp. 32 common carp broodstock (1723.75 ± 72.72gr) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 fish. . One group (control) had no exposure to herbicide and 3 groups (treatment) were exposed to rounduppesticide at 4 concentrations (5, 10 and 15 mg/L) for 10 days. After treatment period, body length, body weight and GSI index were determined and gill and testis samples were prepared for histological studies. Based on the results, exposure to roundup at a dose of 20 mg/L caused a significant decrease in body weight on the10th day and GSI index on the 5th and 10th day (p<0.05). In fishes exposed to roundup (20mg/L) necrosis and disintegration of gill lamellae structure, adhesions of gill lamellae, separation of basement membrane and damage of gill epithelium and exudation of blood cells were observed. In the testis of fish exposed to the highest dose of roundup, an increase in the number of spermatogonium due to reduced spermatogenesis, degradation of spermatocyte, reduction of spermatozoa, reduction of sperm storage tubules diameter and destruction of interstitial duct and sertoli cells were observed. The results indicated destructive effects of sublethal doses of roundup on gill structure and reproductive performance of common carp.
